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Titulo: LIFE BEGINS WITH CELLS

Autor: Desconocido

Contenido:

1

LIFE BEGINS

WITH CELLS

1.1 The Diversity and Commonality of Cells

1.2 The Molecules of a Cell

1.3 The Work of Cells

1.4 Investigating Cells and Their Parts

1.5 A Genome Perspective on Evolution

2

CHEMICAL

FOUNDATIONS

2.1 Atomic Bonds and Molecular Interactions

2.2 Chemical Building Blocks of Cells

2.3 Chemical Equilibrium

2.4 Biochemical Energetics

3

PROTEIN STRUCTURE

AND FUNCTION

3.1 Hierarchical Structure of Proteins

3.2 Folding, Modification, and Degradation

of Proteins

3.3 Enzymes and the Chemical Work of Cells

3.4 Molecular Motors and the Mechanical Work

of Cells

3.5 Common Mechanisms for Regulating Protein

Function

3.6 Purifying, Detecting, and Characterizing Proteins

4

BASIC MOLECULAR

GENETIC

MECHANISMS

4.1 Structure of Nucleic Acids

4.2 Transcription of Protein-Coding Genes

and Formation of Functional mRNA

4.3 Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

4.4 The Three Roles of RNA in Translation

4.5 Stepwise Synthesis of Proteins on Ribosomes

4.6 DNA Replication

4.7 Viruses: Parasites of the Cellular Genetic

System

5

BIOMEMBRANES

AND CELL

ARCHITECTURE

5.1 Biomembranes: Lipid Composition

and Structural Organization

5.2 Biomembranes: Protein Components

and Basic Functions

5.3 Organelles of the Eukaryotic Cell

5.4 The Cytoskeleton: Components

and Structural Functions

5.5 Purification of Cells and Their Parts

5.6 Visualizing Cell Architecture

6

INTEGRATING CELLS

INTO TISSUES

6.1 Cell–Cell and Cell–Matrix Adhesion:

An Overview

6.2 Sheetlike Epithelial Tissues: Junctions

and Adhesion Molecules

6.3 The Extracellular Matrix of Epithelial Sheets

6.4 The Extracellular Matrix of Nonepithelial

Tissues

6.5 Adhesive Interactions and Nonepithelial Cells

6.6 Plant Tissues

6.7 Growth and Use of Cultured Cells

7

TRANSPORT OF

IONS AND SMALL

MOLECULES ACROSS

CELL MEMBRANES

7.1 Overview of Membrane Transport

7.2 ATP-Powered Pumps and the Intracellular Ionic

Environment

7.3 Nongated Ion Channels and the Resting

Membrane Potential

7.4 Cotransport by Symporters and Antiporters

7.5 Movement of Water

7.6 Transepithelial Transport

7.7 Voltage-Gated Ion Channels and the

Propagation of Action Potentials in Nerve Cells

7.8 Neurotransmitters and Receptor and Transport

Proteins in Signal Transmission at Synapses

8

CELLULAR

ENERGETICS

8.1 Oxidation of Glucose and Fatty Acids to CO2

8.2 Electron Transport and Generation of

the Proton-Motive Force

8.3 Harnessing the Proton-Motive Force for Energy-

Requiring Processes

8.4 Photosynthetic Stages and Light-Absorbing

Pigments

8.5 Molecular Analysis of Photosystems

8.6 CO2 Metabolism During Photosynthesis

9

MOLECULAR GENETIC

TECHNIQUES AND GENOMICS

9.1 Genetic Analysis of Mutations to Identify

and Study Genes

9.2 DNA Cloning by Recombinant DNA Methods

9.3 Characterizing and Using Cloned DNA

Fragments

9.4 Genomics: Genome-wide Analysis of Gene

Structure and Expression

9.5 Inactivating the Function of Specific Genes

in Eukaryotes

9.6 Identifying and Locating Human Disease Genes

10

MOLECULAR

STRUCTURE

OF GENES AND

CHROMOSOMES

10.1 Molecular Definition of a Gene

10.2 Chromosomal Organization of Genes

and Noncoding DNA

10.3 Mobile DNA

10.4 Structural Organization of Eukaryotic

Chromosomes

10.5 Morphology and Functional Elements

of Eukaryotic Chromosomes

10.6 Organelle DNAs

11

TRANSCRIPTIONAL

CONTROL OF GENE

EXPRESSION

11.1 Overview of Eukaryotic Gene Control

and RNA Polymerases

11.2 Regulatory Sequences in Protein-Coding

Genes

11.3 Activators and Repressors of Transcription

11.4 Transcription Initiation by RNA Polymerase II

11.5 Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription

Activation and Repression

11.6 Regulation of Transcription-Factor Activity

11.7 Regulated Elongation and Termination

of Transcription

11.8 Other Eukaryotic Transcription Systems

12

POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL

GENE CONTROL AND

NUCLEAR TRANSPORT

12.1 Processing of Eukaryotic Pre-mRNA

12.2 Regulation of Pre-mRNA Processing

12.3 Macromolecular Transport Across the

Nuclear Envelope

12.4 Cytoplasmic Mechanisms of Posttranscriptional

Control

12.5 Processing of rRNA and tRNA

13

SIGNALING AT

THE CELL SURFACE

13.1 Signaling Molecules and Cell-Surface

Receptors

13.2 Intracellular Signal Transduction

13.3 G Protein–Coupled Receptors That Activate

or Inhibit Adenylyl Cyclase

13.4 G Protein–Coupled Receptors That Regulate

Ion Channels

13.5 G Protein–Coupled Receptors That Activate

Phospholipase C

13.6 Activation of Gene Transcription

by G Protein–Coupled Receptors

14

SIGNALING

PATHWAYS THAT

CONTROL GENE

ACTIVITY

14.1 TGF_ Receptors and the Direct Activation

of Smads

14.2 Cytokine Receptors and the JAK-STAT Pathway

14.3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and Activation

of Ras

14.4 MAP Kinase Pathways

14.5 Phosphoinositides as Signal Transducers

14.6 Pathways That Involve Signal-Induced

Protein Cleavage

14.7 Down-Modulation of Receptor Signaling

15

INTEGRATION

OF SIGNALS AND

GENE CONTROLS

15.1 Experimental Approaches for Building

a Comprehensive View of Signal-

Induced Responses

15.2 Responses of Cells to Environmental

Influences

15.3 Control of Cell Fates by Graded Amounts

of Regulators

15.4 Boundary Creation by Different Combinations

of Transcription Factors

15.5 Boundary Creation by Extracellular Signals

15.6 Reciprocal Induction and Lateral Inhibition

15.7 Integrating and Controlling Signals